The Fall Gen. 3-4

                As I continue to read the very beginnings of our common scripture, I would invite you to read Genesis Chapters 3-4. We begin the narratives that form a continuity with what happens with the tribes of Israel and also leading us to our understandings as Christians.

                When we last read of the creations stories, it the first God declared everything was very good. In the second story, we have a pastoral scene of great peace and serenity. But, what started good quickly turns to tragedy. The first man (Adam) and the first woman (Eve) were given everything in the garden except one thing. That was to not eat of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. The tree that was in the very center of the garden. It is in the third chapter, that we encounter temptation. What strikes me about this temptation, is remembering the number of times as a parent you would instruct your children after you bake cookies and place them into the cookie jar to not eat the cookies. Sometimes the temptation is too much (even for those grown adult children.) One can almost predict what is going to happen. And it is that choice one loses paradise.

                I often wonder whether it was eating the forbidden fruit that was the “sin”, or for both not willing to take responsibility for having done so. Rather than asking for forgiveness, both blame one another and the snake. Would this have made a difference? The narrative does not even offer that as a possibility. There was no remorse, no saying I’m sorry, no asking for forgiveness. It is easy for us to judge them, but this continues today. Think of all the times we read about tragedies and everyone is quick to blame someone else rather than admit to their choice and mistakes. We can blame our parents, our schools, our society, fake news and media, etc. It would seem that seeking amends has become a thing of the past. And our willingness to not take responsibility for our choices has devastating consequences. Think about the world and even our communities as we look at the societal abuses of today. The number of mass murders, all the “isms”, and the way we discount ourselves and our leaders from the consequences of our and their behaviors.

                So, in scripture what are the consequences of Adam and Eve’s choice? They are exiled from the paradise of Eden. They are to toil the earth and the pain of childbirth. No longer is everything given to them. And there is even greater consequences that we see in chapter 4. We have the narrative of Cain and Abel. Cain being the oldest of the siblings. This story of the oldest not being the one chosen by God is a common theme throughout the Hebrew scriptures. I will address this more in the story of Jacob. We don’t know if Adam and Eve told their children, why they had to move or why they had to work so hard. I imagine that they did not either out of shame or just wanting to forget. Regardless, Cain was the one that was traditionally the privileged one. So it most of have been quite a shock to him that his sacrifice was not acceptable to God and his kid brother’s was. We don’t have a clear idea as to why though it is assumed from what God tells him that it was not the sacrifice but instead the attitude of the giver.

                So, Cain begins to pout much like all of us when things don’t go the way we think they should. He allows his anger to consume him rather than looking at ways that he could change his attitude and grow more mature. His anger not towards God but towards his brother grows until he murders his brother. I would ask, is he a child of his parents? Is this the consequences of a narcissistic person who believes just because he is the privileged one that whatever happens to hold them accountable, they either blame something else or attempt to destroy others who would take away their perceived power.

                Like his parents, when God confronts him, he first denies having done anything. When the truth comes out, he shows little remorse about this act of fratricide. It is only his concern about someone taking revenge that he shows any concern and it is about him. So, he too faces exile. (A side note or rabbit trail, I have often wondered about where he found someone to be in a relationship and have children. That is until one re-reads Gen. 1.27-28. It was there that it would appear that God created a number of humans not just one.)

                So the moral of the narrative seems to suggest that there are consequences to our choices that have adverse effects on our lives and the lives of others. We have the idea that what was perfect is lost. This has given the rise of the doctrine of original sin. That as descendants of Adam and Eve, we are born as sinners. When I was in seminary, I took a class on the Torah that one of the teachers was a Rabbi. He explained that in his understanding and throughout Judaism the concept of original sin was a more Christian belief. He felt that this was a narrative to try to explain how evil came into the world but not that there is some inherent genetic defect that is passed from parents in the act of procreation. I have also struggled with this particular doctrine. Do we suffer sin and are we all sinners? Yes, I believe that. But it is not because I was born that way, but it is because of the choices that I make. Otherwise, we could misuse the choice and blame it on “I was born this way.” What I believe is that we are born with the capability to make choices. This changes as we grow older. The sin of Adam and Eve was disobeying God and not taking responsibility for that. Today, we choose whether to follow God or our own desires regardless of how this affects others.

                Another alternative explanation of the “Fall”  that was proposed by the Rabbi, was it God’s intention that Adam and Eve needed to leave Eden so that they could mature and being able to choose God, not for what was provided but instead for loving God. Without knowing the difference between good and evil, they could not be fully human. I think about raising my children. There is a point where our children need to make choices on their own. We can guide them as they grow to make better choices but we can’t make choices for them all their life. We can teach them that there are consequences to what they choose. We can show them better ways of living that do not harm themselves, others, and the world. We can also teach them responsibility and forgiveness.

                So, we have these chapters. One thought I have about Adam and Eve. Was this just a way of understanding how perfection and maturity can be lost and that it does not mean that there were actual people named Adam and Eve? Aren’t we all adams and eves? What we can learn is that we too have choices to obey God’s desire or to seek our own desires.

                So, what? What is God’s desire? We find that answer in both the Hebrew and Christian scriptures. We are to love God with all of that we are and to love one another. Just as God loves us. It is important to see God’s mercy even in the exile, as it is God who makes their clothes to wear. God’s mercy extends to all of us no matter what or where in our exile we are.

                Eldon

               

Bible study 8/1/2019

                I have been contemplating ideas about what I want to do regarding devotions and study. Retirement would seem to open up time to do things you have always wanted to do and to some extant that has been true. There have been a number of things that I am doing that provide enjoyment. Yet, there are still times that I seem to waste time. So, I have decided to try something ambitious and hopefully will stimulate me to not only study, but to share some of my opinions and thoughts. Don’t worry this will not be a political rant, but there are some things that we need to reflect on regarding our communities, nation, and world.

                So what is this project. I plan to read a couple of chapters from scripture and then comment on them. Most of the commentaries, I have either given away or turned in to outlets to sell. I have kept some that I have in the past enjoyed and hope to continue to study those. My first thoughts about reading the chapters was to start with the gospels. I have re-thought that. The scripture that informs our beliefs as Christians and certainly of Jesus was not those scriptures but the Hebrew scriptures. So, I plan to start there. As I do that, I will be using not the traditional Christian translation but from the Jewish Study Bible, the Tanakh published by the Jewish Publication Society 2004. The Tanakh is composed of the Torah, History, and Wisdom literature. These contain the same books that appear in the Christian bibles but are not in the same order. I will be using some of the information from that and my own opinion. A disclaimer, what I write is my opinion and my insights. Feel free to disagree. The spirit of Wisdom moves all of us to differing understandings, which in my opinion, are what we need for our journey. I am more progressive in my understanding of God (I might even say though I am more informed by liberation theologians, I am also informed by process theology) and thus may have a bias to the way I understand scripture. Be warned.

                I plan to start with the Torah or the first five books of both the Hebrew and Christian scriptures. While I was in seminary, I have a rabbi teach us about the Torah and presenting some of the differences between Jewish reflections as compared to Christian. So what is the Torah and what does that mean? Torah has been interpreted in many ways. Some have seen these books about being the law despite the amount of narrative found in all five books. Some have seen these books as teachings and instructions. The root of Torah in Hebrew is y-r-h which means to shoot ( an arrow.) the Torah hits the mark. There are likely many authors that have contributed to the thoughts and writings. Likely, the books came together from a variety of scrolls to form one large scroll during the Babylonian exile. So the books came to be all of the above, law, narrations, teachings, and instructions. Proverbs 1.8 “My son heed the discipline of your father and do not forsake the instructions [Heb torah] of your mother.”

                As you read through the Tanakh, you will notice particularly in the Torah several duplicates of the narrative. It has long been believed that there are several different sources that have contributed which have been identified as the JEPD. The J source earliest connection was to David and Solomon around 10 BCE. It is translated in scripture as Lord. In reading, it presents a highly anthropomorphic God who has a close and intimate relationship with humankind. The E source connection was to the Northern kingdom and is translated as God or Elohim. This view of God is more distant and speaks through dreams or messengers, angels. The P is for the priestly voice that likely came together during the exile. It has a strong interest in order and boundaries. The D is the Deuteronomist and likely came about during King Josiah’s reform. This was likely the scroll of Deuteronomy. Recently there has been suggestion of yet another source the R for the redaction source which integrated all the variant sources into one scroll during the exile.

Be that as it may be, it can be helpful to have some understanding of why the differing sources and to what purpose might be had because of that. If you want to follow along choose your favorite translation while I will be using the translation of the Tanakh. I wanted to start first at the beginning. So I will be diving into Genesis chps 1-2. When people talk about literally that God made the world in seven days, I asked which creation story are they talking about as there are two very distinct narratives. First, let me back up to Genesis which is Greek. In Hebrew, the title translated is in the beginning. Genesis is a book of beginnings that are broken up in four major arcs, primeval history, Abraham, Jacob, and Joseph.      We are going to start with the primeval history and with the creation stories. Read Genesis chapters 1-2. These creations stories have some affinity with Babylonian myth of Marduk in the Enuma Elish. The main difference is that it was not done through killing but through the work of God. The first creation story, which lays out the creation occurring in seven days, is likely from the P source. On page 12 of the Jewish Study Bible had a diagram like the following:

                Day 1 light                                                                           Day 4 lights (sun, moon, stars)    

                Day 2 Sky (separating waters)                                     Day 5 fish and birds

                Day 3 Land and plants                                                    Day 6 land animals and humans

                                                                Day 7 Sabbath

This starts with generalities and pairs with the specifics, accumulating with the sabbath. The number 7 has often been interpreted literally. 7 has significance throughout the middle east as a symbolic number of completion. I believe that it was never meant to be taken literally but is seen as completion. Also, I like that way the Tanakh starts with verse one “when God began to create heaven and earth”. In many of our bibles, Genesis begins with God created out of nothing. Somehow that idea of something already existing seems more troublesome that there was a moment of nothingness. Yet, for many in the middles east nothingness was not as frightening as the concept of chaos. God brought order to chaos. The other thing about the first creation story that stands out for me is that God created humans, both male and female, in God’s image. Another part of the creation that appears, is the command to be fruitful. And what they could eat was the fruit of the trees to eat and the animals all that is green plants. Not even vegans or carnivores.

The second creation story begins with 2.4b. There is no seven day sequence. There is no water but the earth was dry. Here the Lord God created man from the dust of the earth. The Lord planted the garden and Adam (a play on the Hebrew word Adamah or dirt) was to tend it. This is likely from the J source as God creates Adam and blows into him the breath of life. Notice Adam is not made in God’s image. With the creation of Eve, has led to centuries and millenniums of the notion that women are supposed to be submissive to men. To me this is a complete misinterpretation of these scriptures. God created Eve to be equal to caring for the creation.

So, what should we take from the beginnings? What would this say to us in the 21^st century about the environmental crisis we live in? If we are created in God’s image, should we not be concerned about tending what God did and is doing in creation? I believe the continued destruction of our planet is not a political problem but is a theological problem. We are called to action more than just words but also in deeds.

Eldon